Adiantum Capillus-veneris Research Articles

Foliar phenols and flavonoids level in pteridophytes: an insight to culturable fungal endophyte colonisation.

There are many available reports of secondary metabolites as bioactive molecules from culturable endophytes, nevertheless, there are scarce research pertaining to the levels of metabolites in plants with respect to the incidence and colonisation of fungal endophytes in the same foliar tissues. Therefore, the study was focussed to examine whether fungal endophyte colonisation and the accumulation of secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids and phenols, in the plants are related in any way. For this reason, the study aims to analyse phenols and flavonoids from the fronds of eleven pteridophytes along with the culture-dependent isolation of fungal endophytes from the host plants subsequently assigning them to morphological category and their quantitative analysis and further resolving its identities through molecular affiliation. The results revealed that nine morpho-categories of fungal endophytes were allotted based on culture attributes, hyphal patterns and reproductive structural characters. Highest numbers of species were isolated from Adiantum capillus-veneris and least was recorded from Pteris vittata and Dicranopteris linearis. Maximum phenol content was analysed from the fronds of P. vittata and lowest was recorded in A. capillus-veneris. Highest flavonoid content was measured in D. linearis and lowest was detected in Christella dentata. Significant negative correlation was observed between phenol content of ferns and species richness of fungi. Moreover, significant positive correlation was observed with the relative abundance of Chaetomium globosum and flavonoid content of ferns and negative significant relation was found between relative abundance of Pseudopestalotiopsis chinensis and phenol content of pteridophytes. The occurrence and the quantitative aspects of endophytes in ferns and their secondary metabolites are discussed.

Exploring plant-derived small molecules as inhibitors of Marburg virus RNA binding protein activity

The search for antiviral medications is greatly influenced by the hunt for potent inhibitors of viral proteins. To find possible inhibitors of the RNA binding activity of the Marburg virus VP35 protein, we used a thorough in silico drug discovery approach in this investigation. A comprehensive virtual screening process, followed by a detailed MMGBSA analysis, led to the discovery of four potential inhibitory compounds viz. Kudzuisoflavone A, Miquelianin, Rutin, and Protopseudohypericin. They were identified from an extensive library of phytomolecules derived from three medicinal plants: Adiantum capillus-veneris, Hypericum perforatum, and Pueraria montana. In molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, all these compounds showed steady binding to the target protein and favourable interactions. Notably, the free binding energies of all the selected compounds were better than the myricetin, a well-known blocker of the VP35 protein of the Ebola virus. Overall, this investigation offers insightful information about the molecular interactions and binding dynamics of the identified inhibitors’ binding to the VP35 protein of the Marburg virus. The findings highlight the potential of three particular medicinal plants as sources of key chemicals for the creation of brand-new Marburg virus antiviral drugs. More experimental validation and optimization of the identified inhibitors are necessary in order to transform these findings into effective medicines for treating Marburg virus infections. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

A phytochrome/phototropin chimeric photoreceptor promotes growth of fern gametophytes under limited light conditions.

Many ferns thrive even in low-light niches such as under an angiosperm forest canopy. However, the shade-adaptation strategy of ferns is not well understood. Phytochrome 3/neochrome (phy3/neo) is an unconventional photoreceptor, found in the fern Adiantum capillus-veneris, that controls both red- and blue-light-dependent phototropism and chloroplast photorelocation, which are believed to improve photosynthetic efficiency in ferns. Here we show that phy3/neo localizes not only at the plasma membrane but also in the nucleus. Since both phototropism and chloroplast photorelocation are mediated by membrane-associated phototropin photoreceptors, we speculated that nucleus-localized phy3/neo possesses a previously undescribed biological function. We reveal that phy3/neo directly interacts with Adiantum cryptochrome 3 (cry3) in the nucleus. Plant cryptochromes are blue-light receptors that transcriptionally regulate photomorphogenesis; therefore, phy3/neo may function via cry3 to synchronize light-mediated development with phototropism and chloroplast photorelocation to promote fern growth under low-light conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that phy3/neo regulates the expression of the Cyclin-like gene AcCyc1 and promotes prothallium expansion growth. These findings provide insight into the shade-adaptation strategy of ferns and suggest that phy3/neo plays a substantial role in the survival and growth of ferns during the tiny gametophytic stage under low-light conditions, such as those on the forest floor.

Species from the collection of tropical and subtropical plants of the Botanical Garden of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University in need of protection

One of the current areas of work of the Botanical Garden of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University (Dnipro, Ukraine) is considered conservation, introduction, study of tropical and subtropical plants needed protection. The fund collection of tropical and subtropical plants in protected soil, where the total number of taxa is 830 units from 105 families, and those listed in the Red Book of Ukraine and international lists are more than 70 (28 families), among them, the vast majority of species (60) are included in the World Red List and, in particular, Adiantum capillus-veneris L. – in the Red Book of Ukraine has been studied. The geographical origin and life forms of the collection species needed protection are studied. Their habitats have been found to represent almost all areas of the tropics and subtropics; there are a large number of endemics, including the Galapagos Islands, Madagascar, and the islands of Norfolk and Rodriguez. Among the life forms, most belong to succulents (35 taxa) and trees (20). The taxonomy and systematic position of species according to the classification of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG IV) have been determined. It has been determined that almost all rare and endangered plants of the Laboratory of the Tropics and Subtropics of DNU have a decorative appearance and can be used in the phytodesign of various interiors, some of them are plants in which fruits, leaves, stems and other parts have a high biological value, in particular as a source of antioxidants, and are a source of physiologically active compounds and vitamins, can be raw materials for the pharmaceutical and food industries. It was found that the largest number among the species in need of protection is the life form of succulents. Among them, the family Cactaceae Juss dominates: 13 genera, 16 species and the family Xanthorrhoeaceae Dumort. – 7 species of Aloe L. The collection of tropical and subtropical plants of the DNU Botanical Garden is constantly used for educational work among the population, thousands of people visit it throughout the year. Protected soil plants serve as the basis for environmental education for adults and children, schoolchildren in particular from the Junior Academy of Sciences, students.

Unraveling the interplay of leaf structure and wettability: A comparative study on superhydrophobic leaves of Cassia tora, Adiantum capillus-veneris, and Bauhinia variegata

In this article, superhydrophobic leaves of Cassia tora, Adiantum capillus-veneris (ACV), and Bauhinia variegata are reported for the first time, and the wettability of these leaf's surfaces was correlated with their surface morphology at micro- and nanoscale. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) images of the surfaces were used to get surface morphological information at the micro-nanoscale structures. A special drying method was implemented to ensure the minimal structural collapse of these surfaces under the high vacuum of FESEM. FESEM images of Cassia tora leaves showed widely spaced, low aspect ratio nanopetals distributed on bumpy blunt microfeatures, responsible for high contact angle hysteresis, and high roll angle measured on the Cassia tora leaves. ACV leaves showed the presence of micrometer-scale spherical morphology made of nanoscale hair-like features. These hierarchical re-entrant surface features generated a very high contact angle and low roll-off angle. Leaves of Bauhinia variegata showed similar superhydrophobic and self-cleaning properties. However, surface features were different, which consisted of a higher aspect ratio and closely spaced nanopetals uniformly distributed over flat surfaces consisting of micro-scale ridges. Our comprehensive investigation covers a detailed analysis of droplet impact studies, shedding light on the intricate dynamics governing droplet behavior on these superhydrophobic surfaces. Furthermore, we extended our analysis to encompass droplet impact on macrostructures to assess their influence on droplet receding and rebound phases. Notably, it was observed that only the microstructure of Cassia tora had a discernible impact on the receding and rebound phases of droplets. Additionally, our experiments examining maximum spreading diameter demonstrated good agreement with established models, further strengthening the scientific basis of our findings. These findings not only contribute to the advancement of our understanding of surface wetting phenomena but also bear practical implications for the development of water-repellent and self-cleaning materials.

Controlling Argas arboreus and A. persicus (Acari: Argasidae) by Adiantum capillus-veneris L. extracts with phytochemical analysis

Argas species are parasites associated mostly with birds. Their infestations of the host may cause blood loss, resulting in anemia and finally death. Egypt loses millions of tons annually from birds because of these parasites. In addition, they can transmit pathogens to animals and humans. The acaricidal effects of the ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Adiantum capillus-veneris at different concentrations (1–4%) against semi-fed adults of Argas arboreus and A. persicus were investigated during 30 days after treatments. Mobility and mortality, acaricide efficacy, and the concentration that kills 50% of specimens (LC50) were estimated. The percentage of dead adults of both Argas species appeared during 6 days considerably until 30 days was significantly increased after treatment of either ethanol or methanol extracts of Adiantum at 1–4%, versus control groups. Ethanolic extracts (100% mortality) were more effective than methanolic ones (90% mortality) for both Argas species. Argas arboreus (80% efficacy and 5.9% LC50) was more resistant than A. persicus (100% efficacy and 4.1% LC50). Generally, males were more resistant than females. The chemical profile (by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis) for the ethanolic extract of Ad. capillus-veneris at 4% (the most effective extract) was provided for the first time, which showed that the major group was sugars and sugar alcohols, and the main components were thymol-ß-d-glucopyranoside, D-(-)-Tagatofuranose, D-Arabinose, D-Galactose, D-(-)-Fructofuranose and Anthracene, 1-methyl. The efficiency of all these components was discussed. Based on the findings, bioactive compounds present in Ad. capillus-veneris have the potential to be applied as substitutes for synthetic acaricides and a biological control agent in the management of A. arboreus and A. persicus ticks.

Applications of pteridophytes in Himachal Pradesh, Western Himalaya: An ethnobotanical perspective

Ferns exhibit wide distribution in the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR), with Himachal Pradesh providing optimal climatic conditions for diverse fern species. This study documents the ethnobotanical applications of 45 pteridophyte species, spanning 16 families and 21 genera in Himachal Pradesh. Pteridophytes hold economic importance due to their edibility, ornamental appeal, and medicinal properties. Local communities extensively employ Pteridophytes with medicinal attributes to address various health concerns, including boils, wounds, colds, coughs, gastrointestinal diseases, gonorrhea, typhoid, urinary problems, uterine disorders, and hair loss. Moreover, Pteridophytes exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-swelling properties, where plant paste is directly applied to the skin for swelling reduction. The monsoon season sees substantial growth of ferns in moisture-rich soil. Apart from their utilitarian purposes, ferns contribute to aesthetic values and serve as outdoor and ornamental plants. Noteworthy ornamental ferns, such as Adiantum capillus-veneris, Pteris cretica, Pteris multifida, Polypodium polypodioides, and Lepisorus thunbergianus, are acknowledged for their potential to enhance air quality. Diplazium esculentum, an edible fern, stands out as a popular and nutritious cuisine in Himachal Pradesh. The article concludes with recommendations for the conservation and sustainable utilization of ethnobotanically significant Pteridophytes in Himachal Pradesh.

Formulation and Evaluation of Phytosomes of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Adiantum capillus-veneris for Antimicrobial Activity

Pharmacognosy Research,2023,15,3,468-477.DOI:10.5530/pres.15.3.048Published:June 2023Type:Original Article Authors:Supriya Ganesh Jagtap, Vedant Vinay Kajale, Mukta Mahesh Abhyankar, Aditi Shrinivas Kulkarni, and Minal Rushikesh Ghante Author(s) affiliations:Supriya Ganesh Jagtap1,*, Vedant Vinay Kajale2, Mukta Mahesh Abhyankar1, Aditi Shrinivas Kulkarni1, Minal Rushikesh Ghante2 1Department of Pharmacognosy, STES’s, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Kondhwa (Bk), Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA. 2Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, STES’s, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Kondhwa (Bk), Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA. Abstract:Background: Natural plant extracts and phytoconstituents have high in vitro bioactivity but low in vivo bioactivity because of poor lipid solubility, multiple ring large molecules, or digestion in the gut. Polyphenolic phytoconstituents were complexed with phospholipids, mainly phosphatidylcholine, which molecularly attaches components to one another to produce novel drug delivery systems like phytosomes. The important constituents of the herbal extract are designed to protect from being disrupted by gastric juices and gut bacteria, as phytosomes have the ability to cross the bio-membranes that which are lipid enriched and boost bioavailability. Objectives: The current work is aimed to formulate and evaluate phytosomes from Adiantum capillus-veneris (ACV) hydroalcoholic extract for antimicrobial activity. Materials and Methods: Antisolvent precipitation method was chosen on the basis of the solubility of hydroalcoholic extract in dichloromethane. The prepared trial batches of the phytosomes complex were characterized by using particle size, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, drug content, and in vitro drug release study. The optimized batch of phytosomes was characterized for compatibility studies by using Infrared Spectrometry (IR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TSM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and further for stability studies. Results: The results revealed that ACV hydroalcoholic extract and phosphatidylcholine were found to be connected by a non-covalent bond and did not generate a new molecule in the ACV hydroalcoholic extract-phosphatidylcholine complex and showed enhanced in vitro antimicrobial activity as compared to the hydroalcoholic extract. Conclusion: The complex's dissolution profile was found to be improved. As a result, the phospholipid complex of ACV extract can therefore be concluded to have the potential to enhance bioavailability. Keywords:Adiantum capillus-veneris (ACV), Antimicrobial activity., H-ACV extract phytosomes, Hydroalcoholic extract, PhytosomesView:PDF (549.56 KB)

Protective effect of aqueous extract of Adiantum capillus leaves against renal toxicity induced by gentamicin

The study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of Aqueous Extract of Adiantum capillus-veneris leaves (AEA) against nephrotoxicity induced by Gentamicin. Twenty four adult male rats housed in animal house unit / college of veterinary, underwent to the necessary laboratory conditions. Study period was 8 days. Rats divided into four groups: first was normal control, second treated gentamicin(80mg/kg/day.im), third group treated with gentamicin(80mg/kg/day.im) and AEA(250mg/kg/day. oral) and fourth group treated with gentamicin (80mg/kg/day.im) and metformin (100mg/kg/day.oral). Blood were taken by cutting jugular vein serum were used to estimate levels of albumin, urea, creatinine, malondialdehyde(MDA), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Also Kidney were weighted and homogenate to estimate oxidant-antioxidant parameters. Results showed a significant increase in albumin, urea, creatinine, MDA and a significant decrease in GSH and SOD in rats treated by gentamicin compared to control in P<0.01, while treating by AEA and metformin showed a significant decrease in Albumine, Urea, creatinine, MDA and a significant increase in GSH and SOD and CAT in AEA group compared to gentamicin group. The significance was higher in AEA than metformin. We concluded that AEA has a therapeutic activity against nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin in male rats.

Hepatoprotective Effect of Herbal Medicinal Plant Extract against Paracetamol Induced Liver Injury in Rats

The purpose of this study was to examine the hepatoprotective efficacy of Whole plant extract of Adiantum capillus against Paracetamol induced liver damage in rats. Wistar albino rats were orally fed 500 mg/kg of body weight of Methanolic and Acetonic extract of Adiantum capillus Whole plant, with Silymarin serving as the reference. By restoring functional parameters, physical parameters, biochemical parameters, and decreasing blood enzymes alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin (TBL) in the selected animal, the methanolic and Acetonic extracts exhibited a potent hepatoprotective effect. The plant's chemical composition includes, among others, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, terpenoids, phenolics, and saponins. The overall experimental data suggest that bioactive phytoconstituents, such as flavonoids and alkaloids, present in the Methanolic and Acetonic extracts of Adiantum capillus plant may be responsible for the plant's significant hepatoprotective effect. The results thus support the use of Adiantum capillus plant as a hepatoprotectant.

Protective Effect of Herbal Medicinal Plant Extract against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Liver Injury in Rat

Adiantum capillus (AC) Linn (Family: Adiantaceae) commonly known as “Hansraj” It is used in common cold, cough, pyrexia inflammation, acts as purgative. It improves digestion and renal function.  This study was performed to investigate the hepato-defensive potential of Adiantum capillus in contradiction of carbon tetrachloride tempted hepatic damage in rats. The rodents were dosed with Acetonic extract (AEAC, 500mg/kg) extract of Adiantum capillus against Carbon Tetrachloride induced hepatic damage. Results shows thst Carbon Tetrachloride elevated the level of hepatic markers like SOPT, SGPT, bilirubin and ALP as well as altered the antioxidant enzymes. The level of hepatic biomarkers, as well as antioxidant enzyme, were recovered after the administration of at 500mg/kg, p.o., which was further confirmed by the histopathological. From above results it was concluded that The Acetonic extract (500 mg/kg, bw) extract of Adiantum capillus (ACE) recover the biochemical as well as antioxidant parameters, which were affected by Carbon Tetrachloride. The histopathological analysis supports the outcomes of antioxidants parameters.
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Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition Activity in Lipid Absorption Using Traditional Plants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease resulting from excessive accumulation of fat. With a significant annual increase, it has become a health concern across the globe in the last decades. To tackle this problem, an exploration of traditional medicinal plants (TMP) functioning as anti-obesity drugs using an ethnopharmacology approach has been carried out. Research on the drug development of obesity treatment was directed at how to inhibit pancreatic lipase as the enzyme accounted for lipid absorption. Using a systematic review and meta-analysis, this current study investigated TMP anti-obesity from the articles published in 6 scientific databases, i.e., Scopus, Science Direct, Proquest, Cengage Library, Ebsco, and Emerald, using particular keywords. The review resulted in 19 articles containing 91 eligible data based on inclusive and exclusive criteria. Meta-analysis extracted data as follows: IC50, number of replications, and standard error, regarding the anti-obesity effects of medicinal plants and orlistat as a positive control. The results showed 8 medicinal plants showing anti-obesity via inhibition of pancreatic lipase, including Solenostemma argel, Garcinia vilersiana, Phyllanthus chamaepeuce, Cassia auriculata, Moringa oleifera, Ficus carica, Ocimum gratissimum, and Adiantum capillus-veneris. 

Dried Leaves Powder of Adiantum capillus-veneris as an Efficient Biosorbent for Hazardous Crystal Violet Dye from Water Resources

The dyeing industry uses many chemicals and dyes. After the dying process is completed, they release a significant amount of dyes in wastewater. The dyes’ color emissions are extremely poisonous and dangerous for aquatic and terrestrial life. Due to the toxic nature of dyes, the current study was carried out to evaluate whether it would be effective to employ an adsorption procedure with leaves from the Adiantum capillus-veneris plant as an adsorbent to remove commonly used textile dyes from an aqueous dye solution and wastewater. The effect of pH, concentration, time and the adsorbent dose on the adsorption process was studied in order to determine the maximum adsorption under ideal conditions. The selected pH was 3; the optimum concentration was 30 ppm with a contact time of 90 min and the optimized adsorbent dose was 60 mg. The absorbent under study showed excellent results when compared with commercial adsorbents i.e., animal charcoal and silica gel. The leaves of the Adiantum capillus-veneris plant revealed a maximum removal of 90.36 percent crystal violet dye (adsorption capacity (Qe) 9.05 mg/g) without any treatment to activate or alter the surface chemistry of the biosorbent. Its effectiveness was also tested with water gathered from several sources, including canal water, tap water, distilled water, and saline water, to determine whether it was practical. In both the canal and the tap water, the adsorbent displayed good removal efficiency. From the results of the current study, it can be inferred that the leaves of the Adiantum capillus-veneris plant are a reasonably priced biosorbent that can be used to remove toxic dyes from wastewater to protect water bodies from toxic pollution and can be used to treat industrial wastewater directly.

Quantitative ethnobotanical appraisal of Shawal Valley, South Waziristan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Background: This study's primary goal was to collect and document uses of plants by local residents of Shawal Valley, South Waziristan, Pakistan. Methodology: A semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview 65 residents (24 women and 41 males). The Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), Use Value (UV), Fidelity Level (FL), Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), and Jaccard Index (JI). Results: The research region is abode of 60 plant species belonged to 32 families of ethnobotanical significance. Lamiaceae family contributed maximum number of species (7), followed by Pinaceae (6 species). The most preferred plant parts among the reported species were the leaves (60%), followed by the stem (28.3%). Thymus mongolicus was found to have the highest RFC (0.86), while Adiantum capillus-veneris had the lowest (i.e. 0.02). The UV was between 0.02 and 1. Thymus mongolicus was found to have the greatest UV (UV=1); whereas, Adiantum capillus-veneris had the lowest UV (0.02). Twelve plants had a fidelity level of 100% while Quercus dilatata had the lowest (33.3%). Plants' ICF values varied from 0.87 to 0.96. The Average Direct Matrix Ranking revealed that Quercus dilatata received the highest rating (1st) for its many uses, followed by Pinuswallichiana (2nd), and Rumex dentatus (3rd), Pinus gerardiana (4th), and Zingiberofficinale (5th). Conclusion:Ethnomedicinal research indicates that indigenous people in the studied area are knowledgeable on the use of plants. These plants and indigenous knowledge must be preserved.

The Review on the Antimicrobial Potential of Maidenhair Fern, Adiantum capillus-veneris L.

Adiantum capillus-veneris L. or Maidenhair fern is a perennial fern that belongs to the family Pteridaceae. It is widespread in temperate and tropical regions with high humidity. A. capillus-veneris has a long history of medicinal use, and recent investigations suggest the presence of many bioactive compounds in this plant. This review debates the antimicrobial potential of Adiantum capillus-veneris in a comprehensive manner that includes data about the antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity. Data regarding the antimicrobial potential of A. capillus-veneris were collected from scientific databases Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The largest number of reviewed studies were related to the antibacterial activity of extracts made from A. capillus-veneris plant. Mainly, leaves, stems, roots, and rhizomes were tested, while water, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane were used as solvents. For the testing of antimicrobial susceptibility, standard tests were implemented, such as the disk-diffusion method, agar dilution method, and determination of MIC and MBC values. There are also studies testing the antibiofilm effects of the investigated plant. Our review showed that A. capillus-veneris exhibits large antibacterial potential, with the capacity to inhibit the growth of different bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains. The antifungal and antiviral activity of the investigated plant was also recorded. This review summarized data regarding the antimicrobial potential of A. capillus-veneris and suggests that future phytochemical investigations of ferns may lead to the discovery of new therapeutic agents.

Environmental sustainability and resilience in a polluted ecosystem via phytoremediation of heavy metals and plant physiological adaptations

Natural Ecosystems are being degraded significantly due to increasing industrial pollution. Marble pollution is one of them. It was hypothesized that such a polluted ecosystem host unique set of plant species growing and tolerating the level of the pollution they dwell in. These can be used as phytoremediators successively, once the level of their tolerance is determined for environmental sustainability and resilience. The current research work was aimed to assess the phytoremediation ability of the selected resistant plant species by studying their physiological adaptations in the Marble Waste Polluted Ecosystem (MWPE) of northern Pakistan. Quantitative Ecological Techniques (QET) were adopted to sample the vegetation of polluted zones, initially. Indicator species were identified using Indicator Species and Total Importance Value, Indices. Topmost indicator plants were further evaluated for environmental sustainability and resilience based on indicator species analysis and a higher importance value index in the region for their phytoremediation abilities using Biological Concentration Factor (BCF), Translocation Factor (TF) and Bioaccumulation coefficient (BAC) analyses using atomic absorption spectrophotometric techniques. Physiological responses i.e., Proline accumulation and chlorophyll contents (a, b and carotenoids) for each indicator plant species were recorded and examined using standard experimental protocols. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was also used to assess heavy metals concentration. All the collected data were analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling, Mixed effect modeling and Regression analysis using R software. Preliminary results showed that out of 220 species, 19 indicator plants, i.e., Adiantum capillus-veneris, Ailanthus altissima, Albizia lebbeck, Calotropis procera, Cynodon dactylon, Datura innoxia, Debregeasia salicifolia, Desmostachya bipinnata, Dodonaea viscosa, Erigeron bonariensis, Ficus carica, Morus alba, Morus nigra, Parthenium hysterophorus, Persicaria glabra, Ricinus communis, Setaria viridis, Tamarix aphylla and Withania somnifera were the significant phytoextractor and phyto-stabilizer of potential toxic elements (Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, Co, Cd, Ca and Mg) based on bioaccumulation coefficient, translocation and biological concentration factors. These indicators increase the accumulation of proline osmolyte and decrease chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b and total carotenoids as a defense or survival mechanism against pollution. These results were reconfirmed through Structural Equation Modeling, Mixed Effect Modeling and Bivariate Regression. It was concluded that the indicator plants have a significant role in the cleaning of ornamental rocks pollution and hence in the environmental sustainability and resilience. It is recommended that these indicator plants can be grown to remediate the heavy metals or PTEs released from the MWPE and their vicinities for better environmental management and pollution control in the subtropical regions of the world.

Adiantum capillus attained selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) ameliorate resistive effects in rat model of gentamicin nephrontoxicity via regulation of Interlukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α and engagement of Vimentin and Bcl-2 proteins

In this study the green method for synthesizing selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) is experienced, in which the leaf extract of Adiantum capillus was used as an effective chelating and capping agent for producing SeNPs. The characterization techniques that achieved to confirm the synthesis and the structure details of the SeNPs were: UV–Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR analysis, XRD, EDX and SEM analysis. The biological activity of the synthesized SeNPs were tested and compared to the crude extract of Adiantum capillus on gentamicin model of nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. Sera were used to test the pro-inflammatory cytokines Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin beta (IL-β) levels. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry analysis for the apoptosis regulator protein (Bcl-2) and the interstitial filament protein (Vimentin) were performed. Results revealed that the synthesized SeNPs peak appeared at 400–430 nm wave length with crystallite particle size is around 37 nm. The predominant shape is spherical and cubic at different magnification levels with a narrow size distribution of 22.04–128.43 nm. The synthesized SeNPs showed a strong protective effect against gentamicin induced toxic effects to the rat’s kidneys obtained from the (kidney function parameters, histopathology evaluation, recovery of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-β and TNF-α level with retrieval of Bcl-2 and vimentin protein levels proximate to the vehicle control groups). Due to the significant protective effect of SeNPs, it considered much better than the crude extract of Adiantum capillus in the treatment of kidney injury; however, additional studies are necessary to find the precise mechanism of their action.

Origins of the seed: The "golden-trio hypothesis".

The seed is an evolutionary innovation in the plant kingdom. While human civilization depends heavily on seed production, how the seed trait emerged remains elusive. In this opinion article, a “golden-trio hypothesis” is proposed based on our investigations of LEC1 gene functions in Adiantum capillus-veneris. This hypothesis posits that a “seed program” arose from spatiotemporal integration of three key components: assimilate flow, ABA-mediated stress responses, and stress-induced LEC1 expression. Thus, the evolutionary innovation of seeds should be considered not a simple event resulting from new genes; rather, it represents the outcome of a series of physiological and morphological innovations that emerged prior to and regardless of the origin of the seed program. This new perspective could help us tackle some long-standing questions around the puzzling origin of seeds.

Bazı Bitki Kaynaklarının Farklı Çözgenlerde Hazırlanan Ekstrelerinin Antimikrobiyal Aktivitesinin Araştırılması

Bu çalışmada, aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis), aynısefa (Calendula officinalis), baldırıkara (Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn.) ve kudret narı (Momordica charantia) bitkileri gibi bazı bitki kaynaklarının farklı çözgenler kullanılarak hazırlanan ekstrelerinin antimikrobiyal aktivitesinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, bitkilerin n-hegzan, etanol, metanol ve distile su içerisinde maserasyon yöntemi ile ekstreleri hazırlanmış ve hazırlanan ekstrelerinin, Staphylococcus aureus ve Escherichia coli bakterilerine karşı antibakteriyel; Aspergillus niger mantarına karşı antifungal aktivitesi incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları, ekstraksiyonda kullanılan bitki kaynağının ve çözgen türünün ekstrelerin antimikrobiyal aktivitesi üzerinde oldukça önemli olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.

Limiting chemical parameters in soil and water controlling the presence of the fern Adiantum Capillus Veneris L. In South Sinai and Sharkia governorates in Egypt

Limiting chemical parameters in soil and water controlling the presence of the fern Adiantum Capillus Veneris L. In South Sinai and Sharkia governorates in Egypt